A retrospective on personal values.

A retrospective on personal values.

Nov 15, 2018 | Leadership

Years ago as a young product manager, I made two related mistakes.

Nothing huge, or threatening, just a stupid mistake that would have been avoided by a bit of due diligence, thought, and experience.

All three were missing, but what was there was the overconfidence of youth, an action for the sake of action mindset, a level of intoxication with the first trappings of corporate power, and perhaps a (big) touch of arrogance.

Second mistake I made was to try and dodge when the error was called out.

That second mistake created, in the space of 5 minutes, what has become the bedrock of my personal credo ever since.

  • Always take absolute responsibility when it is yours, or that of your team if you are the leader. We all make mistakes, those who do not are not doing enough, but only a fool makes the same mistake twice.
  • When you make a blue, if you are the first to recognise it, stick your hand up, tell everyone of the error, explain why it happened, and what you have learnt. This can be very uncomfortable, but when you point out your own blues, it leaves those who would hang you with very little rope.
  • When it is necessary to administer an arse-kicking, as it sometimes is, always, always, do it in private. Administering the kick in public adds humiliation to the mix, demeans you, and ensures that the kickee will never respect you again, and if they are any good, will leave quickly.

That incident was now 40 years ago, a lifetime, but I remember it as if it were yesterday, and have diligently lived by the three simple rules for all that time.

The 5 ‘Literacies’ required for superior performance

The 5 ‘Literacies’ required for superior performance

Sep 5, 2018 | Leadership, Management

Over the 23 years of working with medium sized businesses to improve their performance, the activities have all come from 5 common buckets.

  • Financial Literacy
  • Strategic Literacy
  • Operational Literacy
  • Business model Literacy
  • Revenue generation Literacy

 

Every action, strategy, and tactic employed comes from one of  them, but importantly has flow on effects on all the others, sometimes in unanticipated ways. In those cases, having the performance measures in place that show up the outcomes early enables you to double down on those that work, and back off those that do not.

Business improvement is an iterative process, ideally a tightly managed one, but iterative none the less. It also needs to provide the opportunity to incorporate ideas, insights, and new information that comes to light. What I call ‘Loose Tight’ management.

Similarly, each bucket has a hierarchy supporting it, and the more you go  into the weeds with the detail, the greater the apparent interdependence they all have.

However, thinking of them as buckets that require a series of decisions or actions helps to organise all the disparate things that get in the way of performance. You are able to sort out at each level in the supporting hierarchy which actions are important and which are not, which deserve the focus of resources over the others, recognising that you simply cannot do all the things that may seem sensible and important, no matter how big you may be. It also enables project management, timelines, cascading KPI’s and individual and group accountability to be clear.

You have to make  choices, and the choices in one arena inevitably impacts on those in others.

Add them together and you get superior performance as an outcome. The whole is always greater than the sum of the parts when done well.

The 7 foundations of a successful enterprise

The 7 foundations of a successful enterprise

Aug 31, 2018 | Governance, Leadership, Strategy

 

I was asked the question ‘what makes a truly successful enterprise’ at a workshop that had strategy development as its purpose. It is a regular question that I get in various forms, and a question that I ask myself from time to time.

The easy answer is the marketing responses:  know your customer, understand your markets, select the market niche in which  you compete in and dominate it in some way, all of which are correct, but are not the full answer.

The full answer lies in having the right foundations for the enterprise, foundations upon which everything else is built.

Like the foundations of a house, they are rarely visible, and almost never all visible at the same time.

It seems to me that they also create a virtuous circle, and the lack of one impacts on the others in a manner greater that you would expect.

None have anything to do with the tools that are used, particularly all the new digital tools and platforms.

Have a clear, well communicated strategy.

Strategy provides the framework within which enterprises make decisions at all levels that add to the value of the activities being undertaken. It is as much about what you will not do, always a harder choice than what you will do, as it requires the killing of someone’s ‘baby’ idea.

A strategy that is held in the c-suite, no matter how good it is, will be compromised by not being communicated throughout the business as the decision making foundation. Whether you set out to be the low cost supplier, supply only those  who fit a certain profile, deliver continuous innovations, whatever it is, make sure everyone understands it.

Execution.

No plan is of any real use until it is used. Execution of the plan is 9 tenths of the game. Relentless focus on the strategy, and execution with the appropriate feedback loops that enable tactical adjustments to be made as new information emerges makes a strategy successful. Without execution, strategy is just a set of potentially good ideas and vague promises.

Business model.

Many managers spend inordinate amounts of time thinking about the structures of their businesses, often missing the key component of the manner in which it delivers value to the key group of customers articulated in the strategy.

20 years ago, the number of potential business models was limited by the physical limits of communication and logistics. While this still applies, the flow of information facilitated by the net has changed the face of business, and has spawned a pile of new business models  and ways to reach customers and deliver value. It also seems that business models have trouble cohabiting. Therefore  choices need to be made that should be dictated by the strategic priorities.

Talent.

Businesses are just places where people gather to do the work, so the better the people the better the work. You need talented people to get the work done, a business is nothing without people. Taking this one step further, it is really the networks of people that deliver value.  ‘Joys law‘ named for Sun Microsystems co-founder Bill Joy holds that ‘no matter who you are, most of the smartest people work somewhere else’. The self-evidence of this statement should encourage management to find ways to include some of these people into their commercial ‘eco-systems’. In a small way, many Australian businesses are doing this already,  outsourcing increasingly complex tasks offshore. The initial push is usually cost, but many are finding that quality can be as good as or better than is available locally.

Behaviour.

The way people behave, collectively,  becomes labelled ‘culture’. Culture is usually described in the terms first used  by Michael Porter 30 years ago, as ‘The way we do things around here‘ which is also a description of the behaviour that prevails. Is it collaborative, congenial, non-discriminatory, a meritocracy? Again, the sort of behaviour you nurture is a key determinant of the culture that evolves, and should make up a key component of individual and group KPI’s.

Leadership.

The behaviour of people is driven by the leadership style of the ‘boss’ and senior group. Together they dictate the terms of the culture, select the appropriate talent for the tight reasons, select and deploy the KPI’s based on the behaviour required to execute the strategy. Falling back on the wisdom of Peter Drucker, again, who said ‘Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things‘. It is the leadership that extracts performance from an enterprise beyond the average, the willingness to be held accountable, inspire, and explore.

Timing.

The value of getting the timing right is a wildly underestimated contributor to success. From simple internal matters like making that key presentation to the directors when they have had a series of good results, to major external factors such as recognising the point at which a technology that may have lain dormant for years suddenly has a place. Penicillin, the computer mouse, digital camera, Wireless LAN, touch screen, and thousands of other innovations lay dormant, unused until something changed, creating an impetus for the innovation to be commercialised, often in ways unforeseen by the developers. They are in effect a solution to a problem not  yet identified, or sitting outside the sight of incumbents, or simply the wrong time wrong place in some trivial way. A personal example. In the very early eighties I worked for Cerebos in Australia, as a product manager for a number of their brands, Fountain amongst them. I saw an opportunity for a pasta sauce to complement the then very small, but expanding dry pasta market. Fortunately there was an Italian food technologist in the development team who developed a range of very good pasta sauces, which we launched in test market  in Victoria. The test failed, for a number of reasons, that had nothing to do with the quality of the products, or the strategic thinking that was behind them. Eighteen months later, Masterfoods launched ‘Alora’ pasta sauces and  built a category. In blind tests, when considering a second try, the failed Fountain sauces significantly outperformed the successful Alora products, but their timing was way better than ours.

 

When you need to inject the wisdom of ‘been there done that‘, give me a call.

 

21 Lessons from a manufacturing turnaround

21 Lessons from a manufacturing turnaround

Aug 28, 2018 | Branding, Change, Leadership, Marketing, Strategy

 

I was asked the question ‘what did you learn from the turnaround of the GPD‘ a while ago, and was persuaded to present on it.

The GPD was the ‘General Products Division’ of the Dairy Farmers Co-Operative Ltd. It produced all the dairy products you manufacture with milk, which were at the time (mid 80’s) unregulated, while the stuff you put on your cereal in the mornings was regulated to the wahzoo. The GPD  was spun out of the much larger milk business so it could be run as a business, and not an outpost to absorb the milk not required in the regulated market.

Various aspects of that journey have been in these pages before, but I had never contemplated the question in depth and from a height, at the same time.

I started with the business just after it had been set up, then called the ‘By-Products Division’ and in the early stages of building a new ‘state of the art’ factory in Western Sydney.

The division was commercial road kill.  I know that as I did the first P&L by hand, (calculator, 18 column ledger sheets, pencil and rubber)  from scraps of information gathered and constructed from a variety of sources, and a lot of observation.

From that position, turning over $32 million, losing somewhere between $6 & $8 million, with the heavy commitment of the half finished high tech plant nobody knew how to run, 8 years later it was turning $162 million and making good money, with much improvement still to be done. It was a very substantial turnaround, not without its share of drama and missteps,  moments of joy and ‘what the hell just happened’. It was a journey that involved everybody in the business, at first reluctantly, then enthusiastically, had built astonishing momentum that was really only obvious to those on the inside.

Then it was stuffed up by a stupid decision to re-incorporate the business back into the milk business in order to ‘spread the successful commercial DNA‘  in preparation for the inevitable deregulation of white milk.

Over the first 6 years I carried responsibility for the Logistics, and part of  the sales, in addition to the marketing role I was hired for, and for  the last 2 years that the GPD was a separate entity, I was the GM. My ideal job at that time in my life.

Over the eight years, the business and its processes was totally reorganised, the  culture completely turned around, and we launched a string of successful market leading products, all of which contributed to the success.

So what did I learn, in no particular order?

  • You have to engage all employees, at all levels in the journey. They must understand their role and importance in that journey and to each other.
  • When you make a blue, recognise it early, correct and move on. Chasing a sunk investment that is not working is a terrible mistake to make.
  • Never look back with nostalgia, just for the lessons as input for what is next.
  • Price is not a measure of customer value, it is simply a means to express it that is understood, and unfortunately, usually misunderstood. Price only really matters when all other things are equal.
  • No business can be all things to all people.
  • Look after your small customers, one day they might be your big ones.
  • Standards of performance and behaviour have to be both present, well understood, transparent, and meticulously followed by those who set the tone.
  • The greater the general level of transparency the better. Hiding bad news never works, and brushing over problems just lets them fester and get worse. ‘Nip it in the bud’ is always a good piece of advice.
  • A managers job is to support the efforts of their staff, not the other way around. Successful companies extend trust to all employees at all levels, and deals with those who breach that trust openly, and absolutely consistently.
  • Breaching trust is very different to making a mistake. ‘Good’ mistakes are the result of initiative, trial and error implemented with due diligence, and are essential for learning.
  • Continuous investment in product and brand development is necessary, and even more important when times are tough. A great mistake is to see this investment as an expense item in the P&L, available to be managed to deliver a short term result. A powerful brand does not happen overnight, is the outcome of many thousands of small actions and improvements, as well as the obvious external marketing activity,  and it is the greatest asset any business can have.
  • The culture of the place is very hard to describe to an outsider, but clear to an insider. It is a mix of rules, experiences, stories, relationships, habits, and is more complex than any family.
  • Have in place a robust and well understood strategic process which serves as a framework for all decision making at all levels. When an opportunity presents itself, no matter how attractive it may seem, if it is outside the framework, leave it alone.
  • Have in place a robust but simple set of KPI’s intimately connected to the strategy, cascaded through every level, and proactively managed.
  • Never compete with a stronger competitor on their ground.
  • As far as possible, fund growth from cash flow. Long term debt is sometimes necessary, but can turn toxic when the best interests of the lender and the business diverge.
  • Be prepared to kill your favourite children and sacred cows, just be careful to ensure they are not golden geese in disguise.
  • Look for diversity in the thinking styles of people, and encourage that diversity of thought to bubble through and influence the whole business.
  • Treat employees as you would a trusted associate, not a piece on a chess board to be moved around at will. That trust will pay huge dividends in morale, productivity and loyalty
  • Institutionalise regular interaction and conversations across functions and up and down the company, without the impediment of formal roles.
  • Continuous improvement in everything should be so ingrained that people feel its absence keenly.

My final two years in Dairy Farmers were as GM Marketing of the much larger entity that now included the former GPD. While the business continued to be successful, the pace of change and improvement stalled under the dead weight of the still regulated milk business. After  two years, the MD of the business reached the end of his tether with me, constantly being a thorn in his side demanding change, and I with him, so one morning we parted company. The irony is that during this time, I (and the marketing team) launched the single most successful product I ever launched, the last in a long list of successful product launches as an employee. However, the means by which I had to subvert the ‘rules’ to do so were the nail in my corporate coffin.

Another two years on after my exit, the business was flogged off, ultimately to a Japanese brewer, at what I regarded as a fraction of its long term value. A sad end indeed to an iconic Australian food manufacturing business, and perhaps a metaphor for the whole food industry.

 

 

How to develop some of that vital  ‘fingerspitzengefuhl’

How to develop some of that vital  ‘fingerspitzengefuhl’

Aug 20, 2018 | Change, Leadership

 

Fingerspitzengefuhl is a German word that translates poorly (I am told, my German is marginal at best) meaning literally ‘finger tip feel’. The real meaning is the intuitive sense that develops in some people with deep domain knowledge, experience and expertise. Somehow, they just know when something ‘feels right’.

In this day of the metrics tsunami, this sense of deep understanding should be easy to find, or at least much easier than it was, but I find in my travels that it actually seems harder to find. Very few seem to have developed it, and those that have seem to effortlessly outplay their competition.

It occurred to  me that this is because the metrics we are trying to untangle only give us half the information.

Why, not what.

They all tell us what happened, that is what algorithms do, they record the events. Very rarely do I see people digging around to find out why they happened. In the ‘old days’ pre-digital, there were few metrics that were easy to come by, so we spent much more time understanding the why something had happened.

Outcomes, not Activities

Our metrics report on all sorts of activities, but do a less effective job of telling us the outcomes of a specific activity, in identifying the real cause and effect chains in place. There are now simply so many options that the causal chains are more obscured than they ever were. However, digging them out is gold, as it enables huge productivity gains in your marketing investments.

Yours and theirs.

Most metrics concentrate on measuring the success, or otherwise, of your own investments, with scant regard paid to understanding the returns your competition is generating from theirs. Commerce is a competitive sometimes Darwinian game, and knowing your opposition better than  they know themselves offers huge competitive rewards. Understanding how they will react to something you do enables you to wrong foot them, catch them off guard, sneak in their back door, and generally knock them around.

None of this comes without effort, it requires deep commitment to understanding, and often breaking with the status quo, but  the rewards are there for the bold. You will develop ‘fiingerspitzengefuhl’ and everyone else will marvel at your insight, and ability to out think and out manoeuvre  your competitors.

For SME’s, ‘fingerspitengefuhl’ is both the source of their competitive advantage and competitive disadvantage. On one hand, they are by their nature much closer to the customers than a larger business, unencumbered by the friction of a bureaucracy, and  therefore have the potential to be more agile and responsive. On the other, they are so busy working to keep the bills paid, without the support mechanisms of a larger business, that they never lift their heads to see what is going on around them.

Need some help? Give me a call.

Header credit: Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

 

11 parameters to choose those who will be tomorrows leaders

11 parameters to choose those who will be tomorrows leaders

Aug 17, 2018 | Governance, Leadership

 

The rate of change is accelerating at a massive rate. A common challenge for all enterprises irrespective of size that have professional management, is how to pick those who will be able to deliver commercial longevity to the shareholders, whether they be spread across the globe, or members of a family.

The gap between those who have been successful, and those who will be successful is widening.

From time to time, I work with clients to plug capability and leadership gaps in their management ranks, and seek future leaders. I am certainly not a recruiter, my objective is not to fill a hole in order to gain a commission, it is to ensure that my clients can optimise their commercial and strategic outcomes.

The first step is to build a profile of the role, how it will contribute to the outcomes being sought. This requires a solid strategy that acknowledges the geometric rates of change happening around us. Without that strategic framework, the task of picking the right leader could just as well be done with a pin down the pub.

When we are all clear, we build a profile of the ideal candidate.

However, the order is clear. The organisation is first, we have to be certain about who will be doing what, how the objectives being sought will be achieved within the context of  the strategy, and finally, why we are doing what we are setting out to achieve, what value will it bring, and to who.

Having that work done, and it should be done as a matter of course, not just because there is a gap in capabilities, we consider the perfect candidate profile.

I have a template that has been used for 25 years with considerable success, consisting of 11 characteristics. Each position and situation is different, and there will never be a an absolutely perfect candidate, so compromises will inevitably be made, the trick is to make them in non- critical areas. Therefore considering the priorities of the requirements, and their relative weight gives a tool against which to measure the merits of candidates, and ensure some level of consistency as you progressively interview.

Competence.

There will always be things that are an absolute requirement of the job, deal breakers no matter how well all the other factors fit.

Trustworthiness.

Leading is tough, and increasingly trust is hard to win and easy to compromise. The candidates need to be the type who will be  absolutely straight, transparent, and follow through on commitments. In a senior management role, it always comes from doing what you say you will do, but also taking in potentially divergent and contrary views in the decision-making process, and  allowing due process, so everyone has a stake in the outcome.

Focus.

Leading even a modest sized business is full of distractions and red herrings. A leader needs to be able to focus on the few things that are really important that will deliver the outcomes, and not  be distracted by the urgent but not necessarily important items that always come up.

Curiosity.

I have  written before that I think curiosity is a defining feature of successful leaders into the future, and nothing  I have seen changes that view. A curious person, prepared to nurture and  enable their own curiosity, and inspire it in others,  will infect an organisation in a positive manner. Curious people are less likely to accept a status quo, believe what others believe simply because of the weight of numbers, they are inherently seekers of the facts, and uncomfortable with inconsistency and hearsay.

People skills.

This is a pretty generic description, but people skills are what makes the leader, as others are prepared to follow them irrespective of the trappings of power and position. Increasingly people make the difference, so having the right people in the right places in the organisation is crucial.

Passion.

Passion is the original communicable ‘disease’. While ‘Passion’  has become a cliché of recruiters ads, that does not diminish the power of passion to inspire, motivate, and engage.

Agility.

Being agile demands that you are able to change position quickly and efficiently in the face of new information, an emerging situation, competitive pressure, whatever it is that demands a response different to the last one. Agility is very different from inconsistency, it is also different from flexibility, which sees you bend in the face of change, but then move back to the former positon when the pressure eases off.

Self awareness

The ability to see yourself as others see you is crucial to effective leadership. Self awareness enables empathy, without which the best you can be is a good manager, not a leader.

Judgement.

You want someone who demonstrates good judgment in  stressful situations, does not let the emotion or heat of the moment overcome rational analysis. This is a really difficult one to measure, or even get a good handle on, as our unconscious reaction to   those we agree with is to warm to them, and vice versa.  The best way is to examine in some detail the performance and behavior of individuals when stress has been imposed in the past.

Fit.

The only person who can really change the culture is the person at the top. If the recruit is other than the top dog, to some degree they will have to be able to fit into a culture that exists with little power to make significant alterations beyond their own span of control. While it is good to have people who question the status quo, and offer alternatives, you also need a balance that ensures that any disruption leads to a positive outcome.

A bias to action.

Even when all the above is present, it does little good by osmosis, there has to be action. As the world gets faster and more complicated, those who take action will win, despite the setbacks that will occur. We all acknowledge that we learn from our mistakes, which presupposes we take action often enough to make some.

A key job of every leader is to replace themselves, and to develop a ‘bench’ that can fill capability gaps as they emerge. The really good leaders I have seen in large enterprises spend more time on this single task than any other, apart from developing and managing the culture, which is inextricably tied up with the personnel choices. It is also the responsibility of a governing board to ensure that emerging leadership is encouraged and nourished, as their primary responsibility is the long term commercial and social viability of  the enterprise.

 

Header credit: Hugh McLod at Gapingvoid.com