Jul 8, 2016 | Collaboration, Governance, Operations
Lessons in project management are hard won, and stumbles can be very expensive.
My hard won experience supports the contention of that great management thinker Albert Einstein, noted above. In every project that I have done that delivered sub par outcomes, at least some of the cause has been inadequate planning in one way or another, for one reason or another. Einstein may have been well known for things other than management, but that did not stop him mumbling things that should be on every managers wall as a reminder.
That experience has led me to the view that every project has four dimensions. For success you need to get them all right, 3/4 is simply not good enough, but of critical importance is the overall planning.
- Project Objectives. Having a set of objectives, expectations of the outcomes is why projects are developed, planned, funded, and executed. Being explicit about the objectives, and having everyone involved, and who may be affected, is essential.
- Project Scope. The scope describes what will and will not be done as a part of the project. Failing to have an explicit scope encourages ‘project creep’ and lessens the accountability. In the ERP implementations I have been involved in, project creep is an ever present cancer on the project, and those that failed to be absolutely explicit about the scope, and enforced it ruthlessly, failed to meet expectations in numerous ways.
- Project Budget. How much the project is expected to cost. Pretty basic, but ignored often, and subject to blow-out as the scope creeps out of control. The only ones who benefit are the consultants who either fix the problems (often they are a part of the problem) and your competitors.
- Project Timetable. Every project needs a timetable, with milestones connected to the scope and costs, as well as performance.
No project can reasonably be deemed successful unless it meets or exceeds the requirements imposed by all four parameters. Anything less will deliver sub-optimal outcomes.
Apr 20, 2016 | Customers, Marketing, Operations, retail, Strategy
Coles and Woolies are locked in a battle for share of the customers wallets and throats that becomes more complicated every day.
The competitive landscape has changed. The old model of them against each other and independent wholesaler supplied groups, has been spiced up by Aldi, Cosco, and the tide of competitive business models evolving both in store formats such as the convenience small stores around commuter points, farmers markets, and digitally enabled sales.
Those sales I call ‘Beyond Checkout’ cover everything from online ordering with home delivery to the evolution of old fashioned drive thorough pickup.
In my view the battle is a losing one for the gorillas without significant change to their operational culture. Their current business models are based on mass merchandising, not easily made compatible with the personalised service delivery and the lower volume specialised products now being sought. You need go no further than the disappearance of Thomas Dux for evidence.
Having said that, I see 5 general areas for operational innovation of both the gorillas that would deliver ongoing profits, and sensitise them to the changes happening beyond the walls of their stores.
- In store technology deployment.
Deploying some level of the data driven category management control to store level would greatly enhance assortment optimisation, out of stock reduction, and margin maximisation. The assumption of course is that there is staff in the stores with the nous to leverage the information they are being given.
There is also the juicy thought that stores will be able to connect to consumers in close proximity to stores via their mobile devices geo location capability and make them offers based on their purchase patterns. Then there is the option of instore kiosks harnessing the value of instore video and personalised advertising and promotion, again catalysed by your mobile device.
- Leveraging existing asset
Reduction of maintenance and running costs with innovations like rooftop solar power, preventative maintenance programs, improved store security, and stores as the logistic base for home delivery. Home delivery will become more and more important to time constrained consumers, so developing a compelling offer should be high on their agendas. To date the penetration has been poor because the logistics, particularly for fresh and frozen product is really challenging.
- Employee productivity improvements.
With better staff training, particularly in produce, customer sensitive opening and closing times, cash register speeds (the Aldi insistence on prominent bar codes by observation speeds up throughput significantly), much can be achieved. Self-serve checkouts currently rolling out with store renovation programs have clearly been a success with consumers, and offer significant productivity improvements.
- Value chain optimisation
The use of collaborative technology that goes back into supplier production planning and collaborative volume management from the production line to the checkout has been around for years. However, there remains huge opportunities to extract benefits from inventory management for all in the value chain. The barrier is cultural, as the gorillas want all the benefit to come their way, removing the incentive for suppliers to take risks and innovate, except when under the whip. Collaboration through the value chain can deliver great benefits when done well.
- The customer experience,
What is retail about, if not customer experience?
It is here that retailers can differentiate themselves in all sorts of ways. What they cannot do is demand from head office that customers like them, and prefer their stores over the others. Store choice is a personal thing for consumers, made up of many elements, but creating a store environment where the employees are pleased and proud to be of service is a great start.
Long way to go there.
What the senior management can do is provide the infrastructure that enables that level of personalisation and service to be delivered in stores, and the leadership to create and encourage the customer centric culture that front line employees then deliver.
And a final thought: Is that the light at the end, or a headlight?
E-tailing is a huge threat to the gorillas, and while it involves capital to develop and deploy the technology, it is essentially an individual engagement and transaction. Online gets all the publicity, but still only accounts for around 6% (depending on whose numbers, and which categories you look at) of sales. The gorillas should see E-tailing as their next opportunity area, to be embraced rather than feared.
Remember what happened to the Blockbuster video business? They had the game by the throat, Netflix was just an irritation in the corner, so they ignored them.
Bamm! Blockbuster is gone.
While it is still pretty hard to stream a family roast dinner, the lesson of Blockbuster should not go unheeded by Coles and Woolies.
Jun 18, 2015 | Customers, Leadership, Operations, Small business
courtesy www.myob.com.au
Most businesses want to grow, even just a bit, it is not only in the DNA, but some scale makes life in most areas easier. So how do small businesses go about it?
4 basic strategies.
1. Empower the team.
Make every front line person as well as the office realise that their input and customer service is essential. It can be done, and it works. Bunnings is king of the hardware space, delivering great outcomes for Coles, whereas Masters has been a disaster for Woolworths, yesterday claiming the scalp of the MD Grant O’Brien. I shop at Bunnings a lot, drives me nuts, but at least their people their have product knowledge useful to a casual renovator, share it with you and smile. My two attempts at Masters have been different, and there won’t be a third. Whilst these are both large businesses, it is no different for a small one. Make everyone aware of the 8 moments of truth, and committed to improving them on each interaction that occurs.
2. Critical processes need to be documented.
This is not just to pass the various audits haunting us, but so that employees and everyone else knows what is important and what to do. Documentation makes for robust repeatable processes. The challenge becomes one of continuous improvement, as once a process is documented, it sometimes takes on a persona as being “done”. Within continuous improvement lurks the obvious but often overlooked fact that to improve you first need a stable, measured processes as the starting point for improvement. Documentation provides that starting point.
3. Automate repetitive tasks.
If the same thing is done regularly, in the same way, automate it. Then you get accuracy, reliability and cost reductions, and who does not want those. Often there is a cost up front, but taken in the context of the potential savings and productivity improvements they are usually small. The most common automation target is customer service. It can be very successful at stripping out costs, but go too far and customers go somewhere else. A “learning” FAQ function makes great sense for many, and make sure you do not lose the opportunity for the personal touch.
4. Make everything searchable.
Documents, emails, social media posts, everything that gets done should be in a central repository searchable by anyone when it is needed. The waste of having documents in silos is enormous, unnecessary and just plain stupid in this day and age.
The technology is now such that it is possible for small businesses to be significant global players in a narrow and deep niche should that be their objective, but even for the local businesses without those grand aspirations, scaling operations is a key consideration in the quest to maximise that other most important resource, your time.
Feb 27, 2015 | Governance, Management, Operations, Personal Rant, Small business
Times are tough, success is hard to come by, even for businesses that have been around for a long time, well and truly beating the hoodoo that stalks new businesses, 9/10 failing in the first few years.
Somebody I have known for a long time, who has run a small businesses delivering a range of very good products to consumers via FMCG retailers is about to go to the wall. 25 years of effort and commitment about to slide down the dunney leaving him with nothing, not even his house, left to him by his parents.
Worse than sad. Tragic.
Many things factor in the eventual failure of this business, but one stands out starkly.
Poor management of his cash.
There are two sides to the challenge of managing cash.
The first is the cash itself.
In this case, from week to week even day to day, he knew how much was in the bank, but when the big bills came in, it has been a real struggle to pay them, because he was not adequately forecasting the flow of cash, giving him the opportunity to adjust activity as necessary. His bank has been unsympathetic, creditors demanding, and debtors increasingly reluctant to part with their cash, even in this current super low interest rate environment. Meanwhile costs have increased inexorably, way out of line with his ability to extract a corresponding increase in the prices he can charge in the marketplace.
Not pretty, and all too common.
The second is how the cash you have is used, the level of productivity you extract from it. Cash by itself is worthless, its value is in what you do with it. Purchase inventory, pay staff, provide a factory and all the other stuff we call the costs of being in business. After all that is done, most want some reward for the long hours and stress of being in a small business, and then to have some left over to go towards that world trip on retirement.
The productivity of the cash is not measured by the amount you spend, but by what you get for it, and small businesses rarely spend enough time considering ways to increase the productivity of their cash, concentrating on the absolute amounts coming in and going out. Challenge is that there is no explicit measure for cash productivity, and it is not a notion recognised in the accounting packages everyone uses, the accounting standards, or most peoples mindsets. Best we usually seem to do is have a few ratios like the “Quick” ratio which measures current assets over current liabilities, which are not regularly tracked performance measures, and have room for interpretation and thus manipulation.
Stock turn, debtors days Vs creditors days, Sales or Gross margin/employee, product value produced/realisable value of a piece of machinery, production value/production employee, time taken/task, and many others. There are thousands of ways to measure the productivity of the cash tied up in any business, and every business will be different. However, there will be a few measures for each that capture the essential nature of the business, where an improvement will deliver measurable financial results.
You should be seeking and using these key measures of cash productivity in your business.
Back to the case of my acquaintance.
He did not manage his cash flow well enough. Failure to adequately forecast and thus manage the ebbs and flows of cash into and out of his business, and as a result having to put in place very expensive short term funding in one way or another meant he was always chasing his cash-tail. He also did not measure, almost at all, the productivity of his cash, allowing the ” hidden” costs of poor cash productivity to kill him. Despite his Income statement, often called the Profit and Loss statement, telling him he was making a modest profit, he has hit the wall.
A sad but unfortunately common story, one I hope you are not seeing first hand.
Dec 4, 2014 | Category, Marketing, Operations, retail, Small business
Data management & analysis
The second of 10 ways to beat the supermarket gorillas at their own game, after understanding the way the supermarket business model works, is to be savvy with data.
Supermarket retailing is heavily data intensive. These days, any retailing beyond the archetypical lemonade stand by the side of the road is data intensive, but particularly supermarkets. Commonly a supermarket range is up to 30,000 Sku’s across a number of different formats and geographic and demographic locations, and several thousand suppliers, all with their own focus and story to tell.
The supermarkets physical space needs to be allocated across the Sku’s chosen to be on range in the way that best delivers a return on their investment in the particular store and strategically across the chain.
SME suppliers to chain supermarkets usually are playing from a position of weakness, as they lack the scale to have the data and category management resources that supermarkets demand. However, their strength is that they can be far more agile and market sensitive that their bigger rivals, often SME’s can develop and launch a product before a multinational can get the first development workshop together.
Whilst supermarkets have a wealth of data at their fingertips, both their own, and that supplied by their large suppliers, they recognise that not every piece of data is worth the digits it is written with. Data is only of any value if it leads to some sort of actionable insight, and it is here that SME’s have an advantage despite the disadvantage of small size. Making the connections between differing seemingly disconnected data points is where the gold is hidden.
There are several points at which data can be collected, from which insights can be gained. Internal, observed and purchased.
- Sales and margin history. No SME should be without a robust and detailed sales and margin analysis of their own sales history, and thus ability to forecast with some certainty. Every SME has a sales history in their accounting package, most do not use it. Most use the “Office” package, which included Excel, but many do not use the power of the tools in excel. Pivot tables are the most underutilised and useful tool I have ever seen for SME’s. If you are one of the majority who do not use them, wake up, spend 30 minutes on YouTube figuring out the basics, and start generating insights. Also in excel is the V-Lookup tool, which can be enormously valuable to SME’s to keep accurate track of a whole range of variables in their business.
- Sales intelligence. SME’s are usually in a position to have unfiltered market intelligence in the hands of decision makers easily and quickly. Usually the people best positioned to see change as it is evolving are those in direct contact with customers and consumers, often the lower paid front line staff. Being engaged with these staff, or indeed as is the case for many, being that staff as a part of the role of the SME business owner puts you in a position to see shifts as they occur, if you are watching. Finding a way to turn these random conversations and insights into data points that can be connected and acted on can build into a significant competitive advantage. There is no substitute for the insights gained by simply watching and understanding the drivers of consumer behaviour, then crafting an offer that adds value.
- Agile operations. Scale brings its own momentum, despite the huge improvements over the last 20 years by the adoption of Lean practises. Large suppliers to supermarkets, with large factories, fixed planning cycles and extended supply chains are often caught short by the unexpected and unplanned. Agile suppliers can often fill the gaps created, but do so they need to be able to make very quick decision on costs, time frames, and operational priorities and limitations. To make these decisions, they need absolute understanding of their cash and financial position, costs and decision drivers like break even points, the impact of discounts, and negotiation trade-offs they can make. To be truly agile, you need accurate and detailed financial and operational data that is easily useable to make well informed decisions, then track the outcomes of those decisions.
- Be experimental. Having good data enables experimentation on a scale that offers great insights, but minimises risk. The supermarkets are increasingly amenable to enabling SME’s to experiment with all sorts of offerings as they learn as well from the activity. However, you cannot just walk in and expect to be taken seriously without a history of sensible innovation and a relationship with the individual decision makers in the retailer. Having robust, realistic and well understood strategic and operational planning in place is a must if you wish to be experimental and stay in business.
- Purchase syndicated data. Scan data can be purchased in many forms, and to varying degrees of analysis and detail. There is a significant cost to this information, firstly the purchase costs, but more importantly, the data analysis capabilities. Increasingly scan data is being matched to the behavioural data emerging from store loyalty cards to add another dimension to decision making, and this trend will only accelerate. SME’e can dip in and out of this data, taking a slice here and there to provide insights without the significant investment of being fully engaged. Treated sensibly, it can be used a bit like market research, taking a small and well defined sample and using it as representative of the whole picture.
None of this is easy, which is OK, because if it was, everyone would be doing it. However, many SME’s simply think it is all too hard, and stay away, effectively walking away from 75% of the volume in the market. For many, this is a sensible decision, but for some, those SME’s with a genuine opportunity to become larger businesses, building solid capabilities in collecting and leveraging data is essential.
Feb 12, 2014 | Change, Management, Operations
Courtesy Cartoonstock
As a little kid, the milkman used to deliver from a horse drawn cart. Even then, in the mid fifties it was outmoded, almost rustic, but endlessly engaging for a 5 year old boy.
Much later, I was the marketing director of a NSW dairy co-operative as it wrestled with the inevitability of deregulation. I was continually reminded by those with vested interests that there should be no change, that the regulation was a good thing, that home delivery of milk was what had made us great, even though customers had voted with their feet. It sometimes sounded like that old milkman of my childhood explaining why he still had a horse when everyone else had trucks.
Yesterday listening to the various political blame allocations for the closure of Toyota, on the heels of the announcements by Ford and Holden, it was groundhog day, again.
Facts, and a dispassionate view of the whole picture played no part. Just like the farmer Directors of that dairy company, everyone else was wrong, they alone had the insights necessary to keep the boat from sinking, disaster from arriving, and the black forces from Hades consuming us.
Toyota has joined Ford and Holden in folding their tents, along with much of the Australian food processing industry.
Lets have a look at some of the underlying factors obscured by the smoke and mirrors of self interest:
- If we are so committed to an Australian car making industry, why do only 20% of us drive one made here? Some more heresy: A significant proportion of those 20% are company supplied cars, where the driver has no choice, and if they did, would that 20% be 10%? Death of an industry!! Who cares, obviously not enough of us. It is just like the food processing industry, which I would argue is just a touch more important, killed off by lack of scale, high $A, global supply chains, the move to low cost manufacturing locations, a history of self important and short sighted management, and political and bureaucratic hubris.
- 35,000 jobs will disappear!! Woe is me, the sky is falling! That number, not to make light of the distress of those who find themselves unemployed, and perhaps unemployable, is less than 0 .3% of employment. Anyway, why is 35,000 the number? Toyota has 600 people in their Sydney offices, none of them are going.
- 25 years ago manufacturing was 14% of jobs, now it is 8%, it was 12% of GDP, and now is 6.5%. The vast majority of people displaced by these changes have found new jobs in industries that barely existed 25 years ago, why not again? Anyway, 350,000 people change jobs every month, every month! Another 35,000 over 4 years is a drop in the bucket, again not to be unfeeling towards those who struggle.
- It could be a financial bonanza for the government. Instead of supporting a corpse, pumping in life support dollars, they can be just counting the revenues from tarriffs as imports increase 20%, they might even remove the “luxury” tax designed to “save” the local industry, now there is no local industry left to save. However, I doubt it, as the “luxury” tax raises$ 1.8 billion. When the previous government proposed changes to the regime to capture tax lost to corporate salary packaging of cars, the current government, then opposition, in a dose of real hypocrisy opposed it, but I sense a change of mind now.
It would be much better if the energy spent looking backwards and allocating blame was spent looking forwards, and building for the future.
